John Moses Browning (1855-1926) grew up in his father’s gun shop and learned to repair guns before he learned to read and write. Self-loading pistols had limited sales and/or were intended primarily for military use. The most significant successful designs (other than John Browning’s) were those by Mannlicher, Bergmann, and Mauser. Number of people began serious work on designs for self-loading guns.
But immediately after the invention of smokeless powder, a None of these efforts were ultimately viable because of the heavy residues left by black powder, which inhibits mechanical functioning very quickly. It burns much faster than black powder and produces comparatively little smoke, so it quickly became known as “smokeless” powder.Ī number of attempts to create a self-loading (automatic) weapon were made prior to the invention of smokeless powder, including a gas-operated revolver made by Orbea Hermanos of Eibar, Spain as early asġ863. He called his invention poudre blanche, or white powder, to distinguish it from traditional black But in 1884 the French chemist Paul Marie Eugène Vieille found a way to stabilize it. Guncotton is highly flammable and chemically unstable, so early efforts to utilize it as a gunpowder ingredient or explosive caused some seriousĭisasters. Guncotton, or nitrocellulose, made by dipping cotton in a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, was patented in 1846 by a Swiss chemist by the name of Christian Friedrich Schönbein, based on earlier work byįrench chemists Henry Braconnot and Théophile-Jules Pelouze.
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